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signal in Morse (code)

  • 1 morse

    ♦voorbeelden:
    1   in morse seinen • signal in Morse (code)

    Van Dale Handwoordenboek Nederlands-Engels > morse

  • 2 in morse seinen

    in morse seinen

    Van Dale Handwoordenboek Nederlands-Engels > in morse seinen

  • 3 morsen

    I v/t send in Morse
    II v/i send a message ( oder communicate) in Morse
    * * *
    mọr|sen ['mɔrzn]
    1. vi
    to send a message in Morse (code)
    2. vt
    to send in Morse (code)
    * * *
    mor·sen
    [ˈmɔrzn̩]
    I. vi to signal [or send a message] in Morse [code]
    das M\morsen lernen to learn how to signal in Morse [code]
    II. vt
    ▪ etw morsen to send sth in Morse [code]
    * * *
    1.
    intransitives Verb send a message/messages in Morse
    2.
    transitives Verb send <signal, message> in Morse
    * * *
    A. v/t send in Morse
    B. v/i send a message ( oder communicate) in Morse
    * * *
    1.
    intransitives Verb send a message/messages in Morse
    2.
    transitives Verb send <signal, message> in Morse

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > morsen

  • 4 código

    m.
    1 code, cipher, encryption.
    2 statute book.
    * * *
    1 code
    \
    código del honor code of honour (US honor)
    código Morse Morse code
    * * *
    noun m.
    * * *
    SM
    1) (=reglamento) code

    código deontológico — code of practice, ethics ( esp EEUU)

    2) [de signos, números] code

    código de colores — colour code, color code (EEUU)

    código de máquina — (Inform) machine code

    código de operación — (Inform) operational code

    código máquina — (Inform) machine code

    código postal — postcode, zip code (EEUU)

    * * *
    1) ( de signos) code
    2) (de leyes, normas) code
    •
    * * *
    = code, coded guide.
    Ex. The user can page forward through the file by entering the forward code (f) and page backward by entering the backward code (b).
    Ex. Such lists may be general, just giving an overall outline of the subjects present in the stock of the library, and diagrammatic or coded guides to the whereabouts of the documents on those subjects.
    ----
    * aplicación de código abierto = open source software.
    * codificación por medio de códigos de barras = barcoding [bar-coding].
    * codificar por medio de códigos de barras = barcode [bar-code].
    * código abierto = open source.
    * código binario = binary code.
    * código civil = civil code.
    * código conjunto = joint code.
    * código de actualización = update code.
    * código de barras = barcode [bar-code], softstrip.
    * código de barras precodificado = smart barcode.
    * código de buenas prácticas = code of practice, code of good practice.
    * código de búsqueda = searchable code, search code.
    * código de campo = field code.
    * código de circulación = highway code.
    * código de conducta = code of conduct.
    * código de conducta ética = code of ethics.
    * código de control = processing code, control code.
    * código de edificación = building code.
    * código de ética profesional = professional code of ethics.
    * código de finalizar = end code.
    * código de honor = code of honour.
    * código del país = country code.
    * código deontológico = code of ethics.
    * código de seguridad vial = highway safety code.
    * código de valores = code of values.
    * código de visualización = display code.
    * código ético = code of ethics.
    * código fuente = source code.
    * código generado al azar = nonce.
    * código genético = genetic code.
    * código morse = morse code.
    * Código Normalizado Americano para el Intercambio de Información (ASCII) = ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange).
    * Código Normalizado de Referencias = Standard Reference Code.
    * código numérico = code number, number code.
    * código para llamadas internacionales = outgoing international code.
    * código penal = penal code.
    * código postal = post-code, postal code, zip code.
    * conversión de códigos = transcoding.
    * descodificar un código = crack + code.
    * etiqueta de código de barras = barcode label.
    * etiqueta de código de barras sin codificar = dumb barcode.
    * hoja de códigos = code sheet.
    * lector de código de barras = barcode reader, barcode scanner.
    * lista de códigos = code sheet.
    * programa de código abierto = open source software.
    * software de código abierto = open source software.
    * transformación de códigos = transcoding.
    * * *
    1) ( de signos) code
    2) (de leyes, normas) code
    •
    * * *
    = code, coded guide.

    Ex: The user can page forward through the file by entering the forward code (f) and page backward by entering the backward code (b).

    Ex: Such lists may be general, just giving an overall outline of the subjects present in the stock of the library, and diagrammatic or coded guides to the whereabouts of the documents on those subjects.
    * aplicación de código abierto = open source software.
    * codificación por medio de códigos de barras = barcoding [bar-coding].
    * codificar por medio de códigos de barras = barcode [bar-code].
    * código abierto = open source.
    * código binario = binary code.
    * código civil = civil code.
    * código conjunto = joint code.
    * código de actualización = update code.
    * código de barras = barcode [bar-code], softstrip.
    * código de barras precodificado = smart barcode.
    * código de buenas prácticas = code of practice, code of good practice.
    * código de búsqueda = searchable code, search code.
    * código de campo = field code.
    * código de circulación = highway code.
    * código de conducta = code of conduct.
    * código de conducta ética = code of ethics.
    * código de control = processing code, control code.
    * código de edificación = building code.
    * código de ética profesional = professional code of ethics.
    * código de finalizar = end code.
    * código de honor = code of honour.
    * código del país = country code.
    * código deontológico = code of ethics.
    * código de seguridad vial = highway safety code.
    * código de valores = code of values.
    * código de visualización = display code.
    * código ético = code of ethics.
    * código fuente = source code.
    * código generado al azar = nonce.
    * código genético = genetic code.
    * código morse = morse code.
    * Código Normalizado Americano para el Intercambio de Información (ASCII) = ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange).
    * Código Normalizado de Referencias = Standard Reference Code.
    * código numérico = code number, number code.
    * código para llamadas internacionales = outgoing international code.
    * código penal = penal code.
    * código postal = post-code, postal code, zip code.
    * conversión de códigos = transcoding.
    * descodificar un código = crack + code.
    * etiqueta de código de barras = barcode label.
    * etiqueta de código de barras sin codificar = dumb barcode.
    * hoja de códigos = code sheet.
    * lector de código de barras = barcode reader, barcode scanner.
    * lista de códigos = code sheet.
    * programa de código abierto = open source software.
    * software de código abierto = open source software.
    * transformación de códigos = transcoding.

    * * *
    descifrar un código to decipher a code
    Compuestos:
    ● código barrado or de barras
    bar code
    source code
    genetic code
    morse code
    zipcode ( AmE), postcode ( BrE)
    branch code, sort code ( BrE)
    area code, dialling code
    B (de leyes, normas) code
    Compuestos:
    civil law
    commercial law
    (en cuanto a normas) code of practice; (en cuanto a comportamiento) code of conduct
    Highway Code
    code of honor*
    military law
    Napoleonic Code
    penal code
    * * *

     

    código sustantivo masculino

    código barrado or de barras bar code;

    b) (de leyes, normas) code;


    código sustantivo masculino code
    código civil, civil code
    código de honor, code of honour
    código morse, Morse code
    ' código' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    CIF
    - cifra
    - clave
    - CP
    - guión
    - lingüística
    - lingüístico
    - descifrar
    English:
    bar code
    - break
    - cipher
    - code
    - highway code
    - machine code
    - postcode
    - read
    - zip code
    - area code
    - bar
    - high
    - Morse
    - post
    - semaphore
    - zip
    * * *
    1. [de leyes, normas] code
    código de circulación highway Br code US o rules;
    código civil civil code;
    código de comercio commercial o business law;
    código de conducta code of conduct;
    código mercantil commercial o business law;
    código militar military law;
    código penal penal code
    2. [de señales, signos] code
    código de barras bar code, US universal product code;
    código genético genetic code;
    Esp código de identificación fiscal = number identifying company for tax purposes;
    código morse Morse code;
    código postal Br postcode, postal code, US zip code;
    código de seguridad security code;
    código de señales signal code;
    código telefónico Br dialling code, US area code;
    código territorial Br dialling code, US area code
    3. Informát code
    código de acceso access code;
    código alfanumérico alphanumeric code;
    código ASCII ASCII (code);
    código binario binary code;
    código de error error code;
    código fuente source code;
    códigos de fusión merge codes;
    código máquina machine code
    * * *
    m code
    * * *
    1) : code
    2)
    código postal : zip code
    3)
    código morse : Morse code
    * * *
    código n code

    Spanish-English dictionary > código

  • 5 Morsezeichen

    n Morse signal
    * * *
    das Morsezeichen
    Morse code
    * * *
    Mọr|se|zei|chen ['mɔrzə-]
    nt
    Morse signal
    * * *
    Mor·se·zei·chen
    nt Morse signal
    * * *
    das Morse symbol
    * * *
    Morsezeichen n Morse signal
    * * *
    das Morse symbol

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Morsezeichen

  • 6 morsen

    mor·sen [ʼmɔrzn̩]
    vi
    to signal [or send a message] in Morse [code];
    das M\morsen signalling [or (Am a.) signaling] [or sending a message] in Morse [code];
    das \morsen lernen to learn how to signal [or send a message] in Morse [code]
    vt
    etw morsen to send sth in Morse [code]

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch für Studenten > morsen

  • 7 ключ

    criterion, key, keyword, ( цоколя лампы) alignment pin, guide pin, pip, aligning plug, spring
    * * *
    ключ м.
    1. (инструмент, напр. гаечный) брит. spanner; амер. wrench
    2. эл. switch
    3. элк. gate
    по сигна́лу «посы́лка» ключ открыва́ется и пропуска́ет выходно́й сигна́л генера́тора посы́лки — the “mark” signal causes the gate to pass the output of the mark oscillator
    4. свз. key
    рабо́тать ключо́м — send with a key
    га́ечный, га́зовый ключ — gas spanner, alligator wrench
    га́ечный, двусторо́нний ключ — double-ended spanner, double-ended wrench
    га́ечный, динамометри́ческий ключ — dynamometric [torque] wrench
    га́ечный ключ для кру́глых га́ек с нару́жным па́зом — pin-type spanner wrench
    га́ечный ключ для тру́бных муфт — union wrench
    га́ечный, коле́нчатый ключ — bent spanner, bent wrench
    га́ечный, косо́й ключ — skew spanner, angle wrench
    га́ечный, крючко́вый ключ — hook-type spanner, hook-type wrench
    га́ечный, накидно́й ключ — ring spanner, box wrench
    га́ечный, односторо́нний ключ — single-ended spanner, single-ended wrench
    га́ечный, прямо́й ключ — straight spanner
    га́ечный, разводно́й ключ — adjustable spanner, adjustable wrench
    га́ечный, рожко́вый ключ для кру́глых га́ек — double-pin spanner wrench
    га́ечный ключ с откры́тым зе́вом — open spanner
    га́ечный ключ с трещо́ткой — ratchet wrench
    га́ечный, тари́рованный ключ — torque wrench
    га́ечный, торцо́вый ключ — box spanner, socket wrench
    га́ечный, универса́льный ключ — universal spanner, general utility [universal] wrench
    га́ечный, шестигра́нный ключ — hexagon spanner, hex-nut wrench
    дверно́й ключ — door key
    ключ для регулиро́вки кла́панов — valve spanner, valve wrench
    ключ зажига́ния — ignition key
    ключ ко́да — key letter
    коммута́торный ключ — (switchboard) key
    коммута́торный ключ без аррети́ра — nonlocking key
    коммута́торный, вызывно́й ключ — ringing [signalling] key
    коммута́торный ключ за́нятости — busy key
    коммута́торный ключ избира́тельного вы́зова — selector key
    коммута́торный, испыта́тельный ключ — test key
    коммута́торный ключ обра́тного вы́зова — ring-back key
    коммута́торный, опро́сно-вызывно́й ключ — брит. speak-ring key; амер. listening key
    коммута́торный, отбо́йный ключ — release [clearing] key
    коммута́торный, переда́точный ключ — transfer switch
    коммута́торный ключ повто́рного вы́зова — recalling key
    коммута́торный, про́бный ключ — test key
    коммута́торный, разгово́рный ключ — talking [speaking] key
    коммута́торный, разъедини́тельный ключ — interruption [cut-off] key
    коммута́торный ключ с аррети́ром — locking key
    маршру́тный ключ ж.-д. — route switch, route key
    патро́нный ключ — chuck [socket] wrench
    ключ резцедержа́теля — toolpost wrench
    свечно́й ключ — spark-plug spanner; spark-plug wrench
    телегра́фный ключ — telegraph [sender, operating, manipulating, Morse] key
    опера́тор хорошо́ рабо́тает телегра́фным ключо́м — this operator has a clean-cut method of sending
    передава́ть телегра́фным ключо́м — send with a hand key
    приобрета́ть уве́ренные на́выки рабо́ты телегра́фным ключо́м — develop a good “fist”
    рабо́тать телегра́фным ключо́м — send with a hard key
    тренирова́ться в рабо́те телегра́фным ключо́м — practice Morse-code keying
    уме́ние хорошо́ рабо́тать телегра́фным ключо́м прихо́дит с пра́ктикой — good sending is a matter of practice
    телегра́фный ключ Мо́рзе — Morse key
    теплово́й ключ — thermal switch
    тру́бный ключ — pipe wrench
    тру́бный, аллига́торный ключ — alligator wrench
    тру́бный, цепно́й ключ — chain pipe wrench
    ключ управле́ния — control key, control switch
    цепно́й ключ — chain wrench
    электро́нный ключ — electronic switch

    Русско-английский политехнический словарь > ключ

  • 8 Save Our Souls

    Abbreviation: S.O.S. (Morse code '· · · — — — · · · ' see other emergency calls for help 'CQD' (SÉCURité and Détresse '— · — · — — · — — · ·') and 'm'aidez' (French for 'help me')), SOS (Distress signal), SOS (International standard distress call, Morse...---...)

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Save Our Souls

  • 9 save our souls

    Abbreviation: S.O.S. (Morse code '· · · — — — · · · ' see other emergency calls for help 'CQD' (SÉCURité and Détresse '— · — · — — · — — · ·') and 'm'aidez' (French for 'help me')), SOS (Distress signal), SOS (International standard distress call, Morse...---...)

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > save our souls

  • 10 Edison, Thomas Alva

    [br]
    b. 11 February 1847 Milan, Ohio, USA
    d. 18 October 1931 Glenmont
    [br]
    American inventor and pioneer electrical developer.
    [br]
    He was the son of Samuel Edison, who was in the timber business. His schooling was delayed due to scarlet fever until 1855, when he was 8½ years old, but he was an avid reader. By the age of 14 he had a job as a newsboy on the railway from Port Huron to Detroit, a distance of sixty-three miles (101 km). He worked a fourteen-hour day with a stopover of five hours, which he spent in the Detroit Free Library. He also sold sweets on the train and, later, fruit and vegetables, and was soon making a profit of $20 a week. He then started two stores in Port Huron and used a spare freight car as a laboratory. He added a hand-printing press to produce 400 copies weekly of The Grand Trunk Herald, most of which he compiled and edited himself. He set himself to learn telegraphy from the station agent at Mount Clements, whose son he had saved from being run over by a freight car.
    At the age of 16 he became a telegraphist at Port Huron. In 1863 he became railway telegraphist at the busy Stratford Junction of the Grand Trunk Railroad, arranging a clock with a notched wheel to give the hourly signal which was to prove that he was awake and at his post! He left hurriedly after failing to hold a train which was nearly involved in a head-on collision. He usually worked the night shift, allowing himself time for experiments during the day. His first invention was an arrangement of two Morse registers so that a high-speed input could be decoded at a slower speed. Moving from place to place he held many positions as a telegraphist. In Boston he invented an automatic vote recorder for Congress and patented it, but the idea was rejected. This was the first of a total of 1180 patents that he was to take out during his lifetime. After six years he resigned from the Western Union Company to devote all his time to invention, his next idea being an improved ticker-tape machine for stockbrokers. He developed a duplex telegraphy system, but this was turned down by the Western Union Company. He then moved to New York.
    Edison found accommodation in the battery room of Law's Gold Reporting Company, sleeping in the cellar, and there his repair of a broken transmitter marked him as someone of special talents. His superior soon resigned, and he was promoted with a salary of $300 a month. Western Union paid him $40,000 for the sole rights on future improvements on the duplex telegraph, and he moved to Ward Street, Newark, New Jersey, where he employed a gathering of specialist engineers. Within a year, he married one of his employees, Mary Stilwell, when she was only 16: a daughter, Marion, was born in 1872, and two sons, Thomas and William, in 1876 and 1879, respectively.
    He continued to work on the automatic telegraph, a device to send out messages faster than they could be tapped out by hand: that is, over fifty words per minute or so. An earlier machine by Alexander Bain worked at up to 400 words per minute, but was not good over long distances. Edison agreed to work on improving this feature of Bain's machine for the Automatic Telegraph Company (ATC) for $40,000. He improved it to a working speed of 500 words per minute and ran a test between Washington and New York. Hoping to sell their equipment to the Post Office in Britain, ATC sent Edison to England in 1873 to negotiate. A 500-word message was to be sent from Liverpool to London every half-hour for six hours, followed by tests on 2,200 miles (3,540 km) of cable at Greenwich. Only confused results were obtained due to induction in the cable, which lay coiled in a water tank. Edison returned to New York, where he worked on his quadruplex telegraph system, tests of which proved a success between New York and Albany in December 1874. Unfortunately, simultaneous negotiation with Western Union and ATC resulted in a lawsuit.
    Alexander Graham Bell was granted a patent for a telephone in March 1876 while Edison was still working on the same idea. His improvements allowed the device to operate over a distance of hundreds of miles instead of only a few miles. Tests were carried out over the 106 miles (170 km) between New York and Philadelphia. Edison applied for a patent on the carbon-button transmitter in April 1877, Western Union agreeing to pay him $6,000 a year for the seventeen-year duration of the patent. In these years he was also working on the development of the electric lamp and on a duplicating machine which would make up to 3,000 copies from a stencil. In 1876–7 he moved from Newark to Menlo Park, twenty-four miles (39 km) from New York on the Pennsylvania Railway, near Elizabeth. He had bought a house there around which he built the premises that would become his "inventions factory". It was there that he began the use of his 200- page pocket notebooks, each of which lasted him about two weeks, so prolific were his ideas. When he died he left 3,400 of them filled with notes and sketches.
    Late in 1877 he applied for a patent for a phonograph which was granted on 19 February 1878, and by the end of the year he had formed a company to manufacture this totally new product. At the time, Edison saw the device primarily as a business aid rather than for entertainment, rather as a dictating machine. In August 1878 he was granted a British patent. In July 1878 he tried to measure the heat from the solar corona at a solar eclipse viewed from Rawlins, Wyoming, but his "tasimeter" was too sensitive.
    Probably his greatest achievement was "The Subdivision of the Electric Light" or the "glow bulb". He tried many materials for the filament before settling on carbon. He gave a demonstration of electric light by lighting up Menlo Park and inviting the public. Edison was, of course, faced with the problem of inventing and producing all the ancillaries which go to make up the electrical system of generation and distribution-meters, fuses, insulation, switches, cabling—even generators had to be designed and built; everything was new. He started a number of manufacturing companies to produce the various components needed.
    In 1881 he built the world's largest generator, which weighed 27 tons, to light 1,200 lamps at the Paris Exhibition. It was later moved to England to be used in the world's first central power station with steam engine drive at Holborn Viaduct, London. In September 1882 he started up his Pearl Street Generating Station in New York, which led to a worldwide increase in the application of electric power, particularly for lighting. At the same time as these developments, he built a 1,300yd (1,190m) electric railway at Menlo Park.
    On 9 August 1884 his wife died of typhoid. Using his telegraphic skills, he proposed to 19-year-old Mina Miller in Morse code while in the company of others on a train. He married her in February 1885 before buying a new house and estate at West Orange, New Jersey, building a new laboratory not far away in the Orange Valley.
    Edison used direct current which was limited to around 250 volts. Alternating current was largely developed by George Westinghouse and Nicola Tesla, using transformers to step up the current to a higher voltage for long-distance transmission. The use of AC gradually overtook the Edison DC system.
    In autumn 1888 he patented a form of cinephotography, the kinetoscope, obtaining film-stock from George Eastman. In 1893 he set up the first film studio, which was pivoted so as to catch the sun, with a hinged roof which could be raised. In 1894 kinetoscope parlours with "peep shows" were starting up in cities all over America. Competition came from the Latham Brothers with a screen-projection machine, which Edison answered with his "Vitascope", shown in New York in 1896. This showed pictures with accompanying sound, but there was some difficulty with synchronization. Edison also experimented with captions at this early date.
    In 1880 he filed a patent for a magnetic ore separator, the first of nearly sixty. He bought up deposits of low-grade iron ore which had been developed in the north of New Jersey. The process was a commercial success until the discovery of iron-rich ore in Minnesota rendered it uneconomic and uncompetitive. In 1898 cement rock was discovered in New Village, west of West Orange. Edison bought the land and started cement manufacture, using kilns twice the normal length and using half as much fuel to heat them as the normal type of kiln. In 1893 he met Henry Ford, who was building his second car, at an Edison convention. This started him on the development of a battery for an electric car on which he made over 9,000 experiments. In 1903 he sold his patent for wireless telegraphy "for a song" to Guglielmo Marconi.
    In 1910 Edison designed a prefabricated concrete house. In December 1914 fire destroyed three-quarters of the West Orange plant, but it was at once rebuilt, and with the threat of war Edison started to set up his own plants for making all the chemicals that he had previously been buying from Europe, such as carbolic acid, phenol, benzol, aniline dyes, etc. He was appointed President of the Navy Consulting Board, for whom, he said, he made some forty-five inventions, "but they were pigeonholed, every one of them". Thus did Edison find that the Navy did not take kindly to civilian interference.
    In 1927 he started the Edison Botanic Research Company, founded with similar investment from Ford and Firestone with the object of finding a substitute for overseas-produced rubber. In the first year he tested no fewer than 3,327 possible plants, in the second year, over 1,400, eventually developing a variety of Golden Rod which grew to 14 ft (4.3 m) in height. However, all this effort and money was wasted, due to the discovery of synthetic rubber.
    In October 1929 he was present at Henry Ford's opening of his Dearborn Museum to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the incandescent lamp, including a replica of the Menlo Park laboratory. He was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal and was elected to the American Academy of Sciences. He died in 1931 at his home, Glenmont; throughout the USA, lights were dimmed temporarily on the day of his funeral.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Member of the American Academy of Sciences. Congressional Gold Medal.
    Further Reading
    M.Josephson, 1951, Edison, Eyre \& Spottiswode.
    R.W.Clark, 1977, Edison, the Man who Made the Future, Macdonald \& Jane.
    IMcN

    Biographical history of technology > Edison, Thomas Alva

  • 11 Armstrong, Edwin Howard

    [br]
    b. 18 December 1890 New York City, New York, USA
    d. 31 January 1954 New York City, New York, USA
    [br]
    American engineer who invented the regenerative and superheterodyne amplifiers and frequency modulation, all major contributions to radio communication and broadcasting.
    [br]
    Interested from childhood in anything mechanical, as a teenager Armstrong constructed a variety of wireless equipment in the attic of his parents' home, including spark-gap transmitters and receivers with iron-filing "coherer" detectors capable of producing weak Morse-code signals. In 1912, while still a student of engineering at Columbia University, he applied positive, i.e. regenerative, feedback to a Lee De Forest triode amplifier to just below the point of oscillation and obtained a gain of some 1,000 times, giving a receiver sensitivity very much greater than hitherto possible. Furthermore, by allowing the circuit to go into full oscillation he found he could generate stable continuous-waves, making possible the first reliable CW radio transmitter. Sadly, his claim to priority with this invention, for which he filed US patents in 1913, the year he graduated from Columbia, led to many years of litigation with De Forest, to whom the US Supreme Court finally, but unjustly, awarded the patent in 1934. The engineering world clearly did not agree with this decision, for the Institution of Radio Engineers did not revoke its previous award of a gold medal and he subsequently received the highest US scientific award, the Franklin Medal, for this discovery.
    During the First World War, after some time as an instructor at Columbia University, he joined the US Signal Corps laboratories in Paris, where in 1918 he invented the superheterodyne, a major contribution to radio-receiver design and for which he filed a patent in 1920. The principle of this circuit, which underlies virtually all modern radio, TV and radar reception, is that by using a local oscillator to convert, or "heterodyne", a wanted signal to a lower, fixed, "intermediate" frequency it is possible to obtain high amplification and selectivity without the need to "track" the tuning of numerous variable circuits.
    Returning to Columbia after the war and eventually becoming Professor of Electrical Engineering, he made a fortune from the sale of his patent rights and used part of his wealth to fund his own research into further problems in radio communication, particularly that of receiver noise. In 1933 he filed four patents covering the use of wide-band frequency modulation (FM) to achieve low-noise, high-fidelity sound broadcasting, but unable to interest RCA he eventually built a complete broadcast transmitter at his own expense in 1939 to prove the advantages of his system. Unfortunately, there followed another long battle to protect and exploit his patents, and exhausted and virtually ruined he took his own life in 1954, just as the use of FM became an established technique.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Institution of Radio Engineers Medal of Honour 1917. Franklin Medal 1937. IERE Edison Medal 1942. American Medal for Merit 1947.
    Bibliography
    1922, "Some recent developments in regenerative circuits", Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers 10:244.
    1924, "The superheterodyne. Its origin, developments and some recent improvements", Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers 12:549.
    1936, "A method of reducing disturbances in radio signalling by a system of frequency modulation", Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers 24:689.
    Further Reading
    L.Lessing, 1956, Man of High-Fidelity: Edwin Howard Armstrong, pbk 1969 (the only definitive biography).
    W.R.Maclaurin and R.J.Harman, 1949, Invention \& Innovation in the Radio Industry.
    J.R.Whitehead, 1950, Super-regenerative Receivers.
    A.N.Goldsmith, 1948, Frequency Modulation (for the background to the development of frequency modulation, in the form of a large collection of papers and an extensive bibliog raphy).
    KF

    Biographical history of technology > Armstrong, Edwin Howard

  • 12 Sarnoff, David

    [br]
    b. 27 February 1891 Uzlian, Minsk (now in Belarus)
    d. 12 December 1971 New York City, New York, USA
    [br]
    Russian/American engineer who made a major contribution to the commercial development of radio and television.
    [br]
    As a Jewish boy in Russia, Sarnoff spent several years preparing to be a Talmudic Scholar, but in 1900 the family emigrated to the USA and settled in Albany, New York. While at public school and at the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, New York, he helped the family finances by running errands, selling newspapers and singing the liturgy in the synagogue. After a short period as a messenger boy with the Commercial Cable Company, in 1906 he became an office boy with the Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company of America (see G. Marconi). Having bought a telegraph instrument with his first earnings, he taught himself Morse code and was made a junior telegraph operator in 1907. The following year he became a wireless operator at Nantucket Island, then in 1909 he became Manager of the Marconi station at Sea Gate, New York. After two years at sea he returned to a shore job as wireless operator at the world's most powerful station at Wanamaker's store in Manhattan. There, on 14 April 1912, he picked up the distress signals from the sinking iner Titanic, remaining at his post for three days.
    Rewarded by rapid promotion (Chief Radio Inspector 1913, Contract Manager 1914, Assistant Traffic Manager 1915, Commercial Manager 1917) he proposed the introduction of commercial radio broadcasting, but this received little response. Consequently, in 1919 he took the job of Commercial Manager of the newly formed Radio Corporation of America (RCA), becoming General Manager in 1921, Vice- President in 1922, Executive Vice-President in 1929 and President in 1930. In 1921 he was responsible for the broadcasting of the Dempsey-Carpentier title-fight, as a result of which RCA sold $80 million worth of radio receivers in the following three years. In 1926 he formed the National Broadcasting Company (NBC). Rightly anticipating the development of television, in 1928 he inaugurated an experimental NBC television station and in 1939 demonstrated television at the New York World Fair. Because of his involvement with the provision of radio equipment for the armed services, he was made a lieutenant-colonel in the US Signal Corps Reserves in 1924, a full colonel in 1931 and, while serving as a communications consultant to General Eisenhower during the Second World War, Brigadier General in 1944.
    With the end of the war, RCA became a major manufacturer of television receivers and then invested greatly in the ultimately successful development of shadowmask tubes and receivers for colour television. Chairman and Chief Executive from 1934, Sarnoff held the former post until his retirement in 1970.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    French Croix de Chevalier d'honneur 1935, Croix d'Officier 1940, Croix de Commandant 1947. Luxembourg Order of the Oaken Crown 1960. Japanese Order of the Rising Sun 1960. US Legion of Merit 1946. UN Citation 1949. French Union of Inventors Gold Medal 1954.
    KF

    Biographical history of technology > Sarnoff, David

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